הסבר: 1. ב-1990 עברה צ'ילה משלטון צבאי לדמוקרטיה. פטריסיו איילווין מונה לנשיא והנחה להעביר את ניהול…

צוות אפוק | 6 בספטמבר 2022 | חדשות | 2 דק׳

אזרחי צ'ילה דחו ברוב קולות אימוץ של חוקה סוציאליסטית-פרוגרסיבית. מדוע זה חשוב?

הסבר:

1. ב-1990 עברה צ'ילה משלטון צבאי לדמוקרטיה. פטריסיו איילווין מונה לנשיא והנחה להעביר את ניהול תשתיות המדינה ואת ניהול השירותים החברתיים לידי המגזר הפרטי (כפי שמנחה חוקת המדינה מ-1980). בשלושת העשורים הבאים מכרה הממשלה אדמות לחברות פרטיות והעבירה חלק ממערכת הפנסיה של המדינה, מביטוחי הבריאות ומהחינוך לידי הסקטור הפרטי (הציבור יכול לבחור בין חינוך פרטי לציבורי).

2. ב-2010 נבחר לנשיא מועמד המרכז-ימין סבסטיאן פיניירה. אחרי ארבע שנים הוא הוחלף בסוציאליסטית מיצ'ל בצ'לט, וב-2018 שוב חזר לשלטון. בעשור זה נע הספקטרום הפוליטי בצ'ילה בין קואליציות מרכז-ימין, שקידמו שוק חופשי, לקואליציות מרכז-שמאל שקידמו תוכניות סוציאליסטיות, אך לא רצו לשנות לגמרי את מדיניות השוק החופשי שהאיצה את הצמיחה הכלכלית של צ'ילה.

3. בעשור זה גם פרצו מחאות המוניות נגד אי שוויון, עליית מחירים ושחיתות פוליטית. במחאות לקחו חלק בני המַפּוּצֶ'ה (הילידים של מרכז צ'ילה) שטענו כי האדמות שייכות לאבותיהם ולא לחברות פרטיות.

רוצה לקרוא עוד?

להמשך קריאה הירשמו או התחברו

בתמונה: גבריאל בוריץ' | צילום: Claudio Reyes/AFP via Getty Images

בתמונה: גבריאל בוריץ' | צילום: Claudio Reyes/AFP via Getty Images

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