כ-1,000 שנה לפני יציאת מצרים נכתב ספר הדרכה העוסק בפסיכולוגיה, במנהיגות, באמנות הוויכוח, בנישואים, בחינוך ילדים ובהצלחה בחיים. תרגום חדש שלו שהתפרסם לאחרונה מסייע להבין את הפילוסופיה העתיקה

דינה גורדון | 4 בספטמבר 2023 | פילוסופיה | 15 דק׳

פילוסופיה בעידן הפירמידות – עצות לחיים מהספר העתיק בעולם

כאלפיים שנה לפני הפילוסופים הידועים של יוון העתיקה (סוקרטס, אפלטון ואריסטו) וכ-1,000 שנה לפני יציאת מצרים, חי פילוסוף שחיבר "ספר הדרכה" לדורות הבאים. ספר שבאופן מדהים רלוונטי גם לימינו.

הספר הוא למעשה מגילה בת 16 עמודים, הנחשבת בקרב חוקרים ל"ספר" העתיק ביותר שקיים היום. אף ספר לא הצליח להשתמר מתקופה מוקדמת יותר מאשר ספרו של "פתחותפ" שחי במצרים העתיקה.

הספר התגלה בקבר בעיר המצרית העתיקה תבאי, השוכנת בגדה המערבית של הנילוס, ונרכש על ידי הספרייה הלאומית של פריז בשנת 1847. הוא כולל אמרות פילוסופיות הנקראות "ההדרכה של פתחותפ" (Teaching of Ptahhatp), המיוחסות ליועץ בכיר בחצר המלוכה של פרעה בשם דג'קרי איססי (Djedkare Isesi) ששלט בתקופת השושלת החמישית של הממלכה המצרית הקדומה בשנים 2375-2410 לפנה"ס.

רוצה לקרוא עוד?

להמשך קריאה הירשמו או התחברו

צילום: Shutterstock

טרילמת הברון מינכהאוזן – מדוע אין דרך לבסס באופן מוחלט אף טענה או אמונה

איל לוינטר

הרעות הגדולות של העולם – מלחמה, עוני ופשע, למשל – נתפשות במונחים שונים לגמרי בעיני בעלי ההשקפות הגדורות והלא גדורות

הספר שמסביר כל ויכוח פוליטי באמצעות תיאוריה אחת פשוטה

איל לוינטר

איור

פרדוקס טוקוויל – ככל שהמצב משתפר, נהיה גרוע יותר

איל לוינטר

מה נשאר מאיתנו אחרי שנלך?

מאיה מזרחי

צילום: Shutterstock

הדרך הטובה ביותר להתמודד עם שעמום? לחשוב על הנשמה

דינה גורדון

סיזיפוס מהמיתולוגיה היוונית. נענש על ערמומיותו ונגזר עליו לגלגל סלע במעלה הר רק כדי להגיע לפסגה ולצפות בו נופל חזרה מטה

מדוע לסבול זה טוב

מאיה מזרחי

הירשמו לניוזלטר שלנו וקבלו תוכן חדש למייל מדי חודש

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